Taylor v. International Union of Painters and Allied Trades

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS AUG 6 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

WILLIAM TAYLOR, No. 23-3842 D.C. No. Plaintiff - Appellant, 3:21-cv-08712-WHO v. MEMORANDUM* INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PAINTERS AND ALLIED TRADES; STEVE BIGELOW; LUIS F. ROBLES; JAMES A. WILLIAMS, Jr.; ROBERT COLLINS; RICHARD NORTHAM; CLAYTON MCBRIDE,

Defendants - Appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California William Horsley Orrick, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted June 24, 2025**

Before: SANCHEZ, H.A. THOMAS, and DESAI, Circuit Judges.

Plaintiff William Taylor appeals the district court’s grant of summary

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). judgment in favor of defendants, the International Union of Painters and Allied

Trades (“IUPAT”) and six union officials, on his claims under the Labor

Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (“LMRDA”). 29 U.S.C. § 501.

We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the district court’s

summary judgment ruling de novo. Lowry v. City of San Diego, 858 F.3d 1248, 1254

(9th Cir. 2017) (en banc). We affirm.

1. Taylor brings two claims alleging that defendants breached their

fiduciary duties by failing to act on his request for an audit and by failing to make

required financial reportings to the union membership. Taylor does not challenge the

district court’s conclusion that defendants did not breach their fiduciary duty because

they were not required to conduct an audit under the IUPAT constitution, and he

thus forfeits the issue. See Acosta-Huerta v. Estelle, 7 F.3d 139, 144 (9th Cir. 1992);

see also Stelling v. Int’l Bhd. of Elec. Workers Loc. Union No. 1547, 587 F.2d 1379,

1389 (9th Cir. 1978) (“Section 501 serves as a means for courts to intervene in union

affairs when a fiduciary breach is demonstrated, and such a breach occurs when

union officials fail to comply with the union constitution.”). Aside from conclusory

allegations, Taylor offers no evidence to support his claim that defendants violated

their financial reporting obligations under the IUPAT constitution. See Cafasso, U.S.

ex rel. v. Gen. Dynamics C4 Sys., Inc., 637 F.3d 1047, 1061 (9th Cir. 2011) (“To

survive summary judgment, a plaintiff must set forth non-speculative evidence of

2 23-3842 specific facts, not sweeping conclusory allegations.”). Defendants are entitled to

judgment on Taylor’s audit and financial reporting claims.

2. Taylor next asserts that defendants violated the IUPAT constitution by

providing inadequate notice of two bylaws referenda held in August 2018, and by

holding the September 2021 referendum in an “open air parking lot.” Defendants are

entitled to judgment on Taylor’s bylaws referenda claims.

Section 125 of the IUPAT constitution requires that notice of a bylaws

referendum be “given by mail to the membership of the District Council at least 15

days prior to the meeting(s).” It is undisputed that defendants sent notices of the

August meetings by first-class mail at least 15 days prior to the scheduled votes, and

that Taylor received these notices. See United Bhd. of Carpenters & Joiners of Am.,

Lathers Loc. 42-L v. United Bhd. of Carpenters & Joiners of Am., 73 F.3d 958, 961

(9th Cir. 1996) (holding that a “union’s interpretation of its own rules, regulations,

and constitution is entitled to a high degree of deference”); Stelling, 587 F.2d at 1388

(explaining that we “will interfere only where the official’s interpretation [of the

union’s constitution] is not fair or reasonable” (quotation omitted)).

Taylor alleges defendants violated §§ 109, 125, and 191 of the IUPAT

constitution by holding the September 2021 bylaws referendum in a parking lot. But

neither §§ 109 nor 191 pertain to the procedures for bylaws referenda. And § 125

merely states that a meeting to vote on bylaws “may be regular or special” but that

3 23-3842 voting “shall be by secret ballot.” Taylor offers no evidence suggesting that the

September referendum was not a “regular” or “special” meeting, or that the ballots

were not secret.1

3. Taylor also fails to offer sufficient evidence to support his claim that

defendants violated the IUPAT constitution by giving union members 5and 8-days’

notice before holding collective bargaining ratification votes. Unlike the notice

requirements for bylaws referenda, the IUPAT constitution does not impose a

specific notice period for ratification of collective bargaining agreements. 2 The

IUPAT constitution states that “[i]n no case shall a District Council or unaffiliated

Local Union take any . . . contract ratification action until all affected members in

good standing have been duly notified. It shall be the duty of the Business

Manager/Secretary-Treasurer . . . to give the affected members reasonable notice.”

Defendants’ interpretation that the IUPAT constitution requires reasonable notice

under the circumstances, as opposed to a “fixed number” of days’ notice, is

1 We also reject Taylor’s claims that defendants violated § 125 by not having bylaws amendments approved by the District Council, by not providing redline copies of the bylaws, and by lacking a quorum for a referendum. There is no dispute in the record that the District Council approved the amendments. Additionally, § 125 does not require either redline copies of the amendments or a quorum for bylaws referenda. 2 Taylor contends that the district court erred by analyzing these claims under § 252 of the IUPAT constitution, and that §§ 109, 125, and 191 govern instead. Taylor is mistaken. Section 252 expressly applies to “contract ratification action[s]” while §§ 109, 125, and 191 do not.

4 23-3842 reasonable, and Taylor cites no evidence of bad faith to create a genuine issue of

material fact.3 See Stelling, 587 F.2d at 1389. Taylor further alleges that members

were not permitted to read the collective bargaining agreements before the votes, but

the record does not support this claim.

4. Last, Taylor claims defendants violated the IUPAT constitution by

blocking and interrupting his speech at a union meeting in 2022. In support of his

claim, Taylor alleges that defendant McBride shouted, “Can’t we shut him up?”

when Taylor was speaking at a union meeting. While § 411(a)(2) of the LMRDA

protects union members’ rights to free speech, Taylor bases his claim under § 501,

which pertains to union officers’ fiduciary duties. Compare 29 U.S.C. § 411(a)(2),

with 29 U.S.C. § 501. Union officials breach their fiduciary duties when they “fail

to comply with the union constitution.” Stelling, 587 F.2d at 1389. Taylor fails to

identify a specific IUPAT constitutional provision that defendants violated. See id.

What is more, Taylor concedes that the 2022 incident has not prevented him from

participating in or speaking at other union meetings. Defendants are thus entitled to

summary judgment.

AFFIRMED.

3 Taylor also claims that certain bylaws referenda and collective bargaining ratification votes violated then-existing COVID-19 health orders. Because Taylor concedes that the COVID-19 health orders are no longer in effect, his claims for declaratory and injunctive relief to force defendants’ compliance with these orders is moot. See Already, LLC v. Nike, Inc., 568 U.S. 85, 91 (2013).

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